临床症状
DPDR临床症状表现研究文献，涵盖症状变异型、集群特征及中国文化背景下的临床特点。
文献列表
[1] Millman, L., Hunter, E., Orgs, G., David, A., & Terhune, D.
(2021).
Symptom variability in depersonalization–derealization disorder: A latent profile analysis
PubMed: PubMed
摘要（中文）: 本研究对303名DDD患者进行潜剖面分析，识别出五个离散亚组：三个不同严重程度亚组和两个以不同解离症状为特征的中重度亚组。五个亚组在非解离症状、共病及诊断诱因方面存在可靠差异，但对焦虑等其他症状无显著差异。研究结果提示DDD存在三种不同亚型，其区别在于脱离和隔离症状的差异表达。
摘要（英文）: Objective: Depersonalization–derealization disorder (DDD) is characterized by diverse symptomatology overlapping with anxiety and dissociative disorders, but the sources of this variability are poorly understood. This study aims to determine whether symptom heterogeneity is attributable to the presence of latent subgroups. Method: We applied latent profile analysis to psychometric measures of anxiety, depersonalization–derealization, and dissociation in 303 DDD patients. Results: The analysis yielded evidence for five discrete subgroups: three of varying severity levels and two moderate‐to‐severe classes characterized by differential dissociative symptoms. The five classes reliably differed on several nondissociative symptoms, comorbidities, and factors precipitating their diagnosis but did not significantly differ in other symptoms including anxiety. Conclusion: These results suggest the presence of three distinct DDD subtypes in the upper severity range that are distinguished by differential expression of detachment and compartmentalization symptoms. Further elucidation of these subtypes has potential implications for the etiology, mechanisms, and treatment of DDD.
一句话概括: DDD患者存在五个症状亚型，严重程度和隔离症状表达不同。
[2] Simeon, D., Kozin, D., Segal, K., Lerch, B., Dujour, R., & Giesbrecht, T.
(2008).
De-constructing depersonalization: further evidence for symptom clusters
PubMed: PubMed
摘要（中文）: DSM-IV-TR仅用单一症状标准定义去人格化障碍，未能充分反映障碍的复杂性。对394名患者进行剑桥去人格化量表分析，提取出五个因子：麻木、自我非真实感、感知觉改变、周围非真实感和时间解体，为更精确诊断提供依据。
摘要（英文）: Depersonalization disorder is defined in the DSM-IV-TR using a single symptom criterion, which does not do justice to the phenomenological complexity of the disorder. In 394 affected adults, the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale yielded five factors (numbing, unreality of self, perceptual alterations, unreality of surroundings, and temporal disintegration), put forth as symptom criteria for a better diagnosis of depersonalization disorder.
一句话概括: 去人格化症状包含五个因子：麻木、自我非真实感、感知觉改变、周围非真实感、时间解体。
[3] Song, M., Zheng, S., Song, N., Zhu, H., Jia, Y., Dai, Z., Liu, X., Wu, Z., Duan, Y., Huang, Z., Chen, J., & Jia, H.
(2024).
Clinical characteristics of 217 Chinese cases with depersonalization/derealization disorder
PubMed: PubMed
摘要（中文）: 本研究描述了217例中国DPD患者的临床特征：男性占比高、起病早、症状以现实解体为主、社会心理功能损害显著、就医和诊断延迟时间长且与症状严重程度相关。不良童年经历与症状水平显著相关。研究强调DPD是一种严重但被忽视的精神障碍。
摘要（英文）: Depersonalization/derealization disorder (DPD) is a prevalent yet inadequately understood clinical condition characterized by a recurrent or persistent sense of unreality. This study aims to provide insight into DPD through descriptive and comparative analyses involving a large group of Chinese participants. The socio-demographic details (age, gender proportion, education, occupational status, marital status), depersonalized and dissociative symptom characteristics (symptomatic factors or subscales of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale and the Dissociative Experiences Scale), development trajectory (age of onset, potential precipitating factors, course characteristics), treatment history (duration of delayed healthcare attendance, duration of delayed diagnosis, previous diagnoses), and adverse childhood experiences of the DPD patients are presented. Comparisons of anxiety and depressive symptoms, alongside psychosocial functioning, between DPD participants and those diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorders, and major depressive disorder were conducted. The analysis highlights a higher male preponderance and early onset of DPD, symptomatology marked by derealization, notable impairment in psychosocial functioning, and prolonged periods of delayed healthcare attendance and diagnosis associated with symptom severity. Furthermore, noteworthy relationships between adverse childhood experiences and symptom levels were identified. The findings substantiate the view that DPD is a serious but neglected mental disorder, urging initiatives to improve the current condition of DPD patients.
一句话概括: 中国DPD患者男性多、起病早、现实解体为主、不良童年经历与症状相关。
[4] Seguí, J., Márquez, M., García, L.
(2000).
Depersonalization in panic disorder: A clinical study
PubMed: PubMed
摘要（中文）: 本研究探讨了惊恐障碍患者中去人格化体验的发生率及临床特征。在136例惊恐障碍患者中，54%报告有去人格化体验，去人格化与惊恐发作频率、严重程度及广场恐惧回避显著相关，提示去人格化是惊恐障碍的重要临床特征。
摘要（英文）: This study examined depersonalization experiences in panic disorder patients. Among 136 panic disorder patients, 54% reported depersonalization experiences, which were significantly associated with panic attack frequency, severity, and agoraphobic avoidance, suggesting depersonalization is an important clinical feature of panic disorder.
一句话概括: 54%的惊恐障碍患者伴有去人格化体验，与发作频率和广场恐惧回避显著相关。
[5] Michal, Matthias, Adler, Julia, Wiltink, Jörg
(2016).
A case series of 223 patients with depersonalization-derealization syndrome
PubMed: PubMed
摘要（中文）: 本研究报道了223例DPDR患者的临床特征回顾性分析结果。患者平均年龄35岁，平均起病年龄22岁，平均病程13年。常见诱因包括压力事件（52%）、情感丧失（31%）和童年创伤（28%）。最常见症状为自我感丧失、现实感丧失和情感麻木。
摘要（英文）: This study reports a retrospective analysis of 223 DPDR patients. Mean age was 35 years, mean age of onset 22 years, and mean duration 13 years. Common triggers included stressful events (52%), emotional loss (31%), and childhood trauma (28%). Most common symptoms were loss of self, derealization, and emotional numbing.
一句话概括: 223例DPDR患者回顾性分析：平均起病22岁，压力事件和情感丧失是主要诱因。
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